There’s nothing that remarkable about the holding in People v. Payne, 8 Cal. 341 (1857). It’s a typical case about justifiable homicide. One man owned property, and others claimed it, and sought to claim it by murdering him if necessary. He ended up shooting one of them, and the question was whether it was justifiable, which the California Supreme Court said it was.
What’s interesting are the personalities involved. The case was decided by Justice Peter Burnett, who had served as California’s first governor, and famously served as defense counsel for Joseph Smith. Probably his most important legal opinion would be issued the year after Payne—that was Ex Parte Archy, 9 Cal. 147 (1858), which declared, contra Dred Scott, that slavery was not permitted in California. Concurring in both of these opinions was Chief Justice David S. Terry, who would not long after murder California Senator David Broderick in a duel, and then flee to the south to join the Confederate Army. After the war he would serve a leading role at California’s second Constitutional Convention in 1878.
The attorneys arguing the Payne case were no less illustrious. The state was represented by William T. Wallace, who would later become a leading Progressive and Chief Justice of California. A man of distinctly unpalatable political views, Wallace’s most important decision was probably the Stockton & Visalia Railroad case (41 Cal. 147 (1871)), rejecting the substantive due process theories that the U.S. Supreme Court would soon after embrace in Loan Association v. Topeka. Wallace, by the way, married Burnett's daughter.
Payne’s attorney, on the other hand, was Edward D. Baker, one of Abraham Lincoln’s closest friends (Lincoln named his son after Baker) as well as a close friend of Sen. Broderick. Only three years after the Payne case, Baker would move to Oregon and be elected Senator, but shortly thereafter, he joined the Union Army, and was killed at the battle of Ball’s Bluff, becoming the only serving U.S. Senator ever killed in battle. At that same battle, future United States Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., was also seriously wounded. Baker is buried in San Francisco.
Comments policy